The Business of Being Born

The Business of being born The Business of being born is an informative film that highlights us how hospitals turned into businesses and who actually benefits from the medicalization and the money that is made. We could see women giving birth naturally at home and others in hospitals and what has happened to women throughout the years in regards to childbirth. Also, doctors and midwives are interviewed which gives us a perspective from both sides.Before watching this film, I did not know about the â€Å"designer birth† which consists in scheduling deliveries and C-sections. This showed me how women prefer the medical aspect of birth that involves physicians. As one of the mothers said midwifery is â€Å"done†; it has become part of the past. In the US, midwives attend less than 8% of births because of technological and medical advances.Formerly, women including midwives used to give birth more than men before male doctors took over hospitals, turned them into â€Å"pat riarchal† institutions and made business out of it. However, we have to recognize that they should be remunerated for their services. Some mothers perceive surgery as an efficient and less time consuming medical technique. It has become uncommon and rare to see †fully† natural birth in hospitals. Doctors make decisions for monetary and legal reasons. These decisions can even affect the health of the mother or the baby.The use of Protozoan (medication that causes contraction) or Pitocin (helps inducing labor) and the practice of the Cesarean, which is a doctor-friendly technique, only reinforce the authority of doctors and the influence of their techniques on women bodies. Moreover, I found revolting that the United States has the second worst newborn death rate in the developed world. The medicalization of childbirth is challenging women’s confidence and self esteem. As one of the informant said â€Å"convince them that they do not know how to birth and the â€Å"power of birthing is taken away from women†.

Consequentiality and Deontology

CRG 520 ASSIGMENT THE MOVIE REVIEW ISTANBUL AKU DATANG PREPARED BY: NAME: NURUL HASIKIN BINTI NGAH MATRIC NO: 2011646112 GROUP: AC2204A Istanbul Aku Datang is a movie about a sweet and naive blogger named Dian who travels to Istanbul in plan to make her boyfriend, Azad, a medical student, to propose to her. She enrols in language course in the same university as Azad and in the period of three months, she hopes that her plan on convincing her boyfriend to propose her will be success.Due to the unexpected circumstance that come to her way, Dian have to move out from Azad’s house and rent out another apartment without knowing that the apartment is already tenant. Despite of being cheating and runs out of money, Dian tries out her very best to clear the situation and build a good relationship with the rightful tenant of the house, Harris who is a quirky and shy artist while tries to hide from her boyfriend the truth that she is sharing the apartment with a guy. The stakeholders i n this movie are Dian, Azad and Harris. Dian’s stakes is to ensure that Azad will be her husband.Azad’s stakes is to keep Dian as her girlfriend but not telling her that he got someone else while Harris’s stakes is to stay in the apartment without have to share it with Dian. The main villain in this movie is Azad while the hero and heroine are Dian and Harris respectively. The ethical dilemma of the villain Azad is whether to being honest and tells the truth to Dian that he already have another girlfriend. The ethical dilemma of the hero, Harris is whether to let Dian stay with him with the fact that Dian have been cheated and got no money left to rent another house.The ethical dilemma of the heroine, Dian is whether to being honest to tell Azad that she is actually sharing the same apartment with Harris. Ethical or Moral Issues The ethical or moral issue in the movie is about honesty. The main villain in this movie is not being honest since he is cheating behin d his girlfriend, Dian who is actually very loyal towards him. His egoism have avoid him from telling the truth to Dian and makes excuses to make sure Dian do not stay with him maybe because he is afraid that Dian will knows that he is not being loyal.Dian also do not being honest because she is not explaining the truth is she is sharing a place to stay with Harris. The other ethical issue is sympathy. This issue could be seen by the character of Harris who feels sympathy towards Dian, who get cheated by Saleem. So, he let Dian stays with him even though he do not likes her at first because of some misunderstandings. Harris also feels sympathy towards Dian when Dian knows that Azad is cheating with another woman. He keeps her accompanies and tries to make her happy. The third issue is trustworthiness.This issue could be seen by the character of another Villain which is Saleem. Saleem is the person who cheats Dian to rent out the apartment that already being rented by Harris. He did this for his self-interest to get money easily Consequentalist Point of View Consequentialism is the class of  normative ethical theories  holding that the consequences  of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness of that conduct. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right act is one that will produce a good outcome, or consequence.From a consequentialist point of view, the action of Azad who cheating behind his girlfriend is unethical because at the end we can see that because of that action they finally broke up. Furthermore, the consequence of his action causing Dian to feel very sad and broke her pride after an embarrassing fight with his another girlfriend. The action of Saleem is also wrong or unethical because the consequence of his action cause Dian to be in such a harsh situation where she have no money left to rent out another apartment after knowing that the apartment that Saleem rent to her already have a tenant.Deont ology Point of View Deontological ethics  is the  normative ethical  position that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. Deontology derives the rightness or wrongness of one's conduct from the character of the behaviour itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. From the deontology point of view, the action of Dian who do not tells Azad that she is sharing the same apartment with Harris is a right action. She did that because she does not want Azad to misunderstand her.Besides, she also wants to please Azad that she already gets a safe place to stay. Plus, she has to do that because she is cheated and it’s not like she is willingly staying with a stranger especially a male. The action of Harris who let someone’s girlfriend stays with him and helps her to hides the matter from her boyfriend is also a right action. This is his action is based on sympathizes and she just want to help her who is helpless that time. Golden RuleThe Golden Rule is an ethical code  or  morality that essentially states either the positive form of Golden Rule or the negative form Golden Rule. Positive form of Golden Rule states that one should treat others as one would like others to treat him while negative form of Golden Rule states that one should not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated. If I were in Azad’s shoes I would not at the first place cheating behind Dian. This is because Azad was very angry and frustrated when she thought that Dian was cheating with Harris.In that case, I should have being loyal and faithful so that Dian will also do the same things to me because I believe if I cheat her, she must be very angry and sad too. Plus, Dian is very loyal and honest to me so there is no such thing that she is being unfaithful. As the villain, I think Azad would be very remorse because he had lied to Dian since Dian finally not choosing him as her future husband. Even though Di an wants to give him second chance Dian finally realised that she actually should have choose Harris who seems to be more honest.As for Saleem, he also must feels guilt for cheating on Dian’s money. He also must be very shame when the real landlord brought him to meet Dian and Harris to explain the truth and return the money back to Dian for justice. Lessons From the movie Istanbul Aku Datang, I have learnt that to build a good relationship with others, we must be very honest about our feeling. If we are honest and sincere in our relationship, the other could feel our sincerity. This is what happens between Dian and Harris. How Harris could ever win over Dian’s heart in a short time if it is not because of his honesty and sincerity.By the time, when he at first let Dian gives Azad the second chance because he is altruistic and want to see Dian happy, he realised that Dian will be happier if Dian with him. So, he runs after Dian and though his eyes, Dian could see the s incerity and causing her to choose Harris instead of Azad. In conclusion, honesty is the best policy. The second thing that I have learnt is we should not take advantages over someone else’s problem for our own self-interest. This is because at the of the day we will get the punishment, either sooner or later because I believe that what goes around comes around. Consequentiality and Deontology CRG 520 ASSIGMENT THE MOVIE REVIEW ISTANBUL AKU DATANG PREPARED BY: NAME: NURUL HASIKIN BINTI NGAH MATRIC NO: 2011646112 GROUP: AC2204A Istanbul Aku Datang is a movie about a sweet and naive blogger named Dian who travels to Istanbul in plan to make her boyfriend, Azad, a medical student, to propose to her. She enrols in language course in the same university as Azad and in the period of three months, she hopes that her plan on convincing her boyfriend to propose her will be success.Due to the unexpected circumstance that come to her way, Dian have to move out from Azad’s house and rent out another apartment without knowing that the apartment is already tenant. Despite of being cheating and runs out of money, Dian tries out her very best to clear the situation and build a good relationship with the rightful tenant of the house, Harris who is a quirky and shy artist while tries to hide from her boyfriend the truth that she is sharing the apartment with a guy. The stakeholders i n this movie are Dian, Azad and Harris. Dian’s stakes is to ensure that Azad will be her husband.Azad’s stakes is to keep Dian as her girlfriend but not telling her that he got someone else while Harris’s stakes is to stay in the apartment without have to share it with Dian. The main villain in this movie is Azad while the hero and heroine are Dian and Harris respectively. The ethical dilemma of the villain Azad is whether to being honest and tells the truth to Dian that he already have another girlfriend. The ethical dilemma of the hero, Harris is whether to let Dian stay with him with the fact that Dian have been cheated and got no money left to rent another house.The ethical dilemma of the heroine, Dian is whether to being honest to tell Azad that she is actually sharing the same apartment with Harris. Ethical or Moral Issues The ethical or moral issue in the movie is about honesty. The main villain in this movie is not being honest since he is cheating behin d his girlfriend, Dian who is actually very loyal towards him. His egoism have avoid him from telling the truth to Dian and makes excuses to make sure Dian do not stay with him maybe because he is afraid that Dian will knows that he is not being loyal.Dian also do not being honest because she is not explaining the truth is she is sharing a place to stay with Harris. The other ethical issue is sympathy. This issue could be seen by the character of Harris who feels sympathy towards Dian, who get cheated by Saleem. So, he let Dian stays with him even though he do not likes her at first because of some misunderstandings. Harris also feels sympathy towards Dian when Dian knows that Azad is cheating with another woman. He keeps her accompanies and tries to make her happy. The third issue is trustworthiness.This issue could be seen by the character of another Villain which is Saleem. Saleem is the person who cheats Dian to rent out the apartment that already being rented by Harris. He did this for his self-interest to get money easily Consequentalist Point of View Consequentialism is the class of  normative ethical theories  holding that the consequences  of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness of that conduct. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right act is one that will produce a good outcome, or consequence.From a consequentialist point of view, the action of Azad who cheating behind his girlfriend is unethical because at the end we can see that because of that action they finally broke up. Furthermore, the consequence of his action causing Dian to feel very sad and broke her pride after an embarrassing fight with his another girlfriend. The action of Saleem is also wrong or unethical because the consequence of his action cause Dian to be in such a harsh situation where she have no money left to rent out another apartment after knowing that the apartment that Saleem rent to her already have a tenant.Deont ology Point of View Deontological ethics  is the  normative ethical  position that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. Deontology derives the rightness or wrongness of one's conduct from the character of the behaviour itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. From the deontology point of view, the action of Dian who do not tells Azad that she is sharing the same apartment with Harris is a right action. She did that because she does not want Azad to misunderstand her.Besides, she also wants to please Azad that she already gets a safe place to stay. Plus, she has to do that because she is cheated and it’s not like she is willingly staying with a stranger especially a male. The action of Harris who let someone’s girlfriend stays with him and helps her to hides the matter from her boyfriend is also a right action. This is his action is based on sympathizes and she just want to help her who is helpless that time. Golden RuleThe Golden Rule is an ethical code  or  morality that essentially states either the positive form of Golden Rule or the negative form Golden Rule. Positive form of Golden Rule states that one should treat others as one would like others to treat him while negative form of Golden Rule states that one should not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated. If I were in Azad’s shoes I would not at the first place cheating behind Dian. This is because Azad was very angry and frustrated when she thought that Dian was cheating with Harris.In that case, I should have being loyal and faithful so that Dian will also do the same things to me because I believe if I cheat her, she must be very angry and sad too. Plus, Dian is very loyal and honest to me so there is no such thing that she is being unfaithful. As the villain, I think Azad would be very remorse because he had lied to Dian since Dian finally not choosing him as her future husband. Even though Di an wants to give him second chance Dian finally realised that she actually should have choose Harris who seems to be more honest.As for Saleem, he also must feels guilt for cheating on Dian’s money. He also must be very shame when the real landlord brought him to meet Dian and Harris to explain the truth and return the money back to Dian for justice. Lessons From the movie Istanbul Aku Datang, I have learnt that to build a good relationship with others, we must be very honest about our feeling. If we are honest and sincere in our relationship, the other could feel our sincerity. This is what happens between Dian and Harris. How Harris could ever win over Dian’s heart in a short time if it is not because of his honesty and sincerity.By the time, when he at first let Dian gives Azad the second chance because he is altruistic and want to see Dian happy, he realised that Dian will be happier if Dian with him. So, he runs after Dian and though his eyes, Dian could see the s incerity and causing her to choose Harris instead of Azad. In conclusion, honesty is the best policy. The second thing that I have learnt is we should not take advantages over someone else’s problem for our own self-interest. This is because at the of the day we will get the punishment, either sooner or later because I believe that what goes around comes around.

Association of Phoenix Employees Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Association of Phoenix Employees - Assignment Example Association of Phoenix Employees The study was conducted by HREG from January to June 2011 with the permission of Phoenix Textile Co. (PTC) to enhance and improve the recording and tracking of attendance of employees, payment system and processing of salaries of employees. The study includes both software and system enhancement so that manpower time can be saved for the Human Resources, Accounting Department and the employees and workers that queue the Cashier/Disbursing Section (under the Accounting Department) to get their salaries. We are encouraging the management to act upon the recommendations submitted by HREG since implementation of the changes would bolster the morale and production of the employees and workers in the company. Modification in the system would save time both for the management and employees. Phoenix Textile Co. (PTC) has a 500 strong-workforce who work on two shifts daily, seven days a week, and twelve months a year. Production demand fluctuates depending on the orders and season of the year. But production has never dropped to the point of making a number of employees go on forced vacation due to low demand. Thus, the company remains competitive in the local and global market. With the continuous work in PTC, attendance and absences recording and tracking pose a problem to the management. Paying the salaries of employees entail time for both the Disbursing Section and the employees. The long queue just to receive one’s salary produces annoyance since at times, the employees themselves become disorderly.

Analysing the learning and development strategies of an existing Case Study

Analysing the learning and development strategies of an existing organisation - Case Study Example Reference is made specifically to learning and development (L&D), a tool used by managers in most organizations for increasing employee performance. In practice, it seems that firms choose different approaches for promoting L&D. The various aspects of learning and development are analyzed and evaluated in this paper. The case of Wal-Mart is used as an example to show the level at which L&D can promote organizational success. Table of contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Learning and Development strategies in Wal-Mart 4 2.1 Overview of Learning and Development strategies in Wal-Mart 4 2.2 Is L&D in Wal-Mart strategic? 6 2.2.1 Characteristics of L&D in modern organizations 6 2.2.2 When L&D is strategic? 7 2.2.3 At what level L&D in Wal-Mart is strategic? 8 2.3 How is learning and development delivered in Wal-Mart? 9 2.3.1 Common methods for the delivery of L&D in modern organizations 9 2.3.2 L&D delivery in Wal-Mart 10 2.3.3 Problems in regard to the delivery of L&D in Wal-Mart 11 2.4 Is L&D in Wal-Mart effective? 12 2.4.1 Which are the common criteria of effectiveness of a L&D scheme? 12 2.4.2 Is L&D in Wal-Mart effective? 12 2.5 Evaluation of existing L&D strategies in Wal-Mart. 13 3. Conclusion 15 4. Recommendations 17 References 18 Appendix 21 1. Introduction The incorporation of effective learning and development (L&D) strategies in modern organizations can ensure that their activities will be effectively supported in regard to all their phases (Armstrong 2008, p.175). According to Armstrong (2008), L&D, as developed in companies with different characteristics, focuses on the development of a learning culture and the promotion of organizational learning’ (Armstrong 2008, p.175). Organizations that emphasize on L&D become ‘learning organizations’ (Pedler, Burgoyne and Boydell 1991, cited in Fee 2011, p. 44), a term used for describing those organizations that ‘facilitates the learning of all its members’ (Fee 2011, p. 44). The charac teristics and the role of L&D are presented in this study. Reference is made to a particular organization, Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart, a US-based firm, has particular emphasized on L&D, as a tool for securing its position in the global market. The review of the firm’s L&D strategies has led to the following assumption: the organization’s current efforts for promoting L&D can be characterized as satisfactory. However, it is clear that more initiatives would be taken, especially since the organization is interested in further improving its position in the global market, as explained in the sections that follow. 2. Learning and Development strategies in Wal-Mart 2.1 Overview of Learning and Development strategies in Wal-Mart In order to evaluate the effectiveness of L&D strategies of Wal-Mart it is necessary to review the key aspects of L&D, as developed in the particular organization. Then, the particular aspects of the firm’s L&D schemes, such as the methods of delivery, the problems involved and the level of effectiveness can be discussed and appropriately analyzed. According to the organization’s website, in Wal-Mart L&D is a continuous process, and not just a tool for periodically supporting the organizational performance (Wal-Mart, Careers 2012). In the context of the hiring process, a profile is developed for every employee entering the organization (Wal-Mart, Career

Financial Statement Fraud Schemes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Statement Fraud Schemes - Essay Example This case involves several characters, namely; Mr. Karina Ramirez, the director internal auditor at Apollo Shoes Company, the engagement manager Mr. -Darlene Ward law, Mr. Arnold Anderson the engagement partner and the intern Bradley Crumpler (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). The communication in this company entails the use of email messages because physical interaction is limited between the employees (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). Based on this case it can be scrutinized that the company accountants has not been ensuring that all items are properly recorded for easy audit. Additionally, the company does not have enough experts to carry out audit work (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). This can be scrutinized with a scenario where an intern was incapable of making necessary entries in the books of accounts as other members were busy doing other duties (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). Poor financial management has subjected customers to financial difficulties and this has made the company fail to accomplish goals and objectives. This can be substantiated by in the director statement when he asserted that the company sales was not strong and therefore there was a need to relook on the marketing plan(Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). 1. Identify potential financial statement fraud schemes would likely be present in Apollo Shoes Company The financial statements fraud schemes has been presented in the Apollo’s Company case in numerous ways. There have been some underlying discrepancies between the figures in the financial statement and director’s reports (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). For example the audited financial statement indicated that Inventories were valued at $18,825,205.24 while unaudited financial statements indicated that inventories were valued at $$67,424,527.50 (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). This shows that there was a discrepancy of $48599322.26 obtained by finding the difference between the unaudited and audited financial figure which is a clear indication that fraud was taking place (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). Additionally, inventories were valued at $18,825,205 in the year 2010 while reserves were valued at $3,000,000 (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). This shows that there was an approximate of fifteen percent reserves in the company. On the contrary, inventories were valued at $67,424,527 in the year 2011 while company reserves were valued at $867,000 indicating that there were only 1.2% reserves (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). The above discrepancy was so wide and therefore it is a clear sign that fraudulent acts were taking place in Apollo’s company (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). In above connection, it can be scrutinized that the company did not established measures to safe guard shareholders interest. For instance; between 2009 and 2010, revenues were reported to increase from 10% to 15 % respectively and that customers were allotted a fair shar e according to the directors’ report (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). However, this was not the case because the figures could not be reflected in the books of accounts. Additionally, it has been reported that customers were undergoing via financial difficulties (Timothy, Loretta, & Kenneth, 2011). 2. Describe the types of evidence you would look for to

You choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

You choose - Essay Example As per Mark Knapp’s model, the commencement of every human relationship especially when it is an intimate, close friendship, or romantic sets out with the initiation stage. This stage necessitates the initial contact with another person (Knapp 40). As evident from the movie, the stage begins when Sally and Harry meet for the first time and they prepare to share a day together travelling in Sally’s car heading to New the stage begins when Sally and Harry meet for the first time, and they prepare to share a day together travelling in Sally’s car heading to New York City from Chicago. In this stage, Sally and Harry are introduced by Harry’s girlfriend. Experimentation is the second stage in Mark Knapp’s model. This stage is usually focused on the time spent when people are getting to know each other (Knapp 42). In this stage, people are observed to make small talks which helps in preparing the stage for future interaction and communication. In the movie ‘When Harry Met Sally’ the second stage begins when Sally and Harry begin their long trip, and Harry requests Sally to tell him about the story of her life. Evidently, there are small talks between the two. They talk about happiness and who is more prepared to face death. It is evident that Harry is more knowledgeable, and he uses his communication abilities in an effort to know more about Sally. In the third stage of Mark Knapp’s model, people’s feelings and expressions get more intimate (Knapp 44). The third stage begins after Harry articulates to Sally how beautiful and attractive she is. Shortly afterwards, Harry asks Sally if they can spend a night at the motel. This leads to an interesting viewpoint that women and men cannot be friends. Notably, this stage is not fully developed at this point. The stage fully develops after the two meet many years later and share about their past and their failed relationships. They started spending a lot of

Geol 3372 Petrography Adopt a rock Research Paper

Geol 3372 Petrography Adopt a rock - Research Paper Example A field research was done where the rock was identified, and physical examination done to substantiate its characteristics. The paper seeks to explain the various types of hornblende andesite and their location around the world. An understanding on the on the plate tectonics association is important in understanding the natural processes that necessitated the formation of the rocks in the various location regions in the world. The thin report section gives the complete picture on the physical and chemical composition of the hornblende andesite detailing its mineral composition. The three minerals that make up the hornblende are Plagioclase, Sanidine mineral, and the Hornblende mineral. A hand sample showing dark gray hornblende in a very fine-grained groundmass is also illustrated further to exhibit some of the physical characteristics of hornblende. Hornblende is a common rock-forming mineral that is found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Hornblende andesite has several different types of minerals at varied percentages (Kepezhinskas 246). The crystals vary in chemical composition, but they are all double chain in silicates with similar physical characteristics. The chemical composition of the minerals include metals, such as magnesium, chromium, calcium, sodium, iron, aluminum, silicon, fluorine, manganese, potassium, and hydroxyl (Kepezhinskas 246). The above chemical substances vary in percentages. It is composed of calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron aluminum, silicon, and Fluorine and hydroxyl groups. Different composition of these chemical substances makes the appearance or the optical properties of the rock to differ .The general optical characteristics of the hornblende andesite are: Fig 1.1 shows a hand specimen showing a dark gray hornblende in the very fine-grained groundmass (Kepezhinskas 246). The hornblende andesite minerals consist of the different chemical

Policy Implementation Paper_303 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Implementation Paper_303 - Essay Example The Head Start program is no exemption to this. This program tries to reach nearly every deprived American, especially children (Horn, 2010). Even though, the United States has a vast number of resources, it also has other matters to attend to. Hence, this limits the amount of funds that could be used in the programs. Also, there is limited financial aid to the Head Start program from other nations such as the UK, and this, as expected, limits the funds of the program (Horn, 2010). The Head Start program also faces human capital issues. This mainly refers to persons who are responsible for implementing the program or doing the ground work. For instance, getting individuals who are ready to volunteer as teachers or part-time parents is a difficult task (Horn, 2010). Finally, it also has been a difficult task of implementing the program across various cultures across America. Some cultures do not welcome the program as the government expects. This makes it extremely hard for the program to assist those who it intended to

STANDARDS OF EVALUATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

STANDARDS OF EVALUATION - Essay Example In terms of accessibility, there is no existence of universal health care in American healthcare delivery system. (Rapoport, 2009) However, the US government has implemented programs to assist deliverance of healthcare to the old-aged, disables, poverty-stricken and youths together with programs arising as an effect of â€Å"Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act† to endow with a guarantee to the people requiring emergency medicinal services irrespective of their fiscal capability (Shi, 2009) whereas, the Canadian health care delivery system ensures that all populace are granted with healthcare services though, coverage is not up till now widespread This is of unique significance as reports have indicated that people requiring critical medical services do not have access even to a standard physician. (Rapoport, 2009) Hence, it can be said that even though Canadian healthcare policies facilitates accessibility to all but the American system, actually, delivers better access to patients requiring healthcare. The USA and Canada’s healthcare systems mutually comprises healthcare as one of the prime overheads in their balance sheets. In year 2007-08, America’s healthcare spending/citizen was noticeably upper than Canada, USA exhausted approximately $2,700 /person i.e. almost 15% of its GDP whereas Canada’s balance sheets recorded only $2,100 /person i.e. 9% of GDP. (Rapoport, 2009) Personal expenditures in Canada are approximately $917 per person per year as compared to the America’s $3,372 /person/year including treatments for drugs, dental and eye treatments. (Rapoport, 2009) American or Canadian, healthcare of both are equivalent as both comprises highly qualified professionals and educational programs of both accentuate the significance of enduring learning and specialization via formal training, tutoring, seminars together with hi-tech implementations (Shi, 2009)

Jobless Essay Example for Free

Jobless Essay Millions of workers have lost their jobs due to downsizing. At the same time, many organizations are complaining that they cannot find qualified people to fill vacancies. How do you explain this apparent contradiction? A recent news came out dated June 6, 2013 by Reuters that Philippines jobless rate stood at 7. 5% in April, the highest in three (3) years according to the National Statistics Office (NSO). Philippines is said to be the Southeast Asian country with the highest rate of unemployment even the fastest growing economy a jobless growth indeed. Downsizing strategy is common nowadays in business sectors and firms. This is to improve the financial performance of the firms by reducing the cost they invested in human resources, increase productivity to whom that is left and increase the speed of decision-making by reducing the layers of management and becoming closer to the customers. A lot of workers were affected due to downsizing. Moreover, not to affect the overall performance of the business, workers that is left must be the best ones. These are the people that are capable in doing the job, not only to fill the vacancies but have contributed well enough to the business, functioned well or even exceeded the job expectations from them. Working experience and educational background helps this people to be more competitive compared to others. This, I termed as the qualified people. They are the effective ones. Business sectors are keeping them. These people are their aces. They are the organizations apple of the eyes. That is why they are hard to find. Few are considered qualified people. Millions of people maybe looking for jobs but are not qualified. It is because these people, considering the poverty growth in the population, they work practically for money. Self-improvement may only be a secondary reason which includes behavior towards work, leadership skills, quality work and the like. On the other hand, qualified people prioritize self-improvement, and, in turn, money comes naturally.

Swot And Pestle Analysis Of Tesco

Swot And Pestle Analysis Of Tesco Executive Summary: This report outlines the Introduction of Oyster Cards and Mobile Phones Top Ups Counters at all TESCO Retail outlets in UK. The SWOT and PESTAL analysis reflects that TESCO has currently the strengths and resources to successfully offer this service to enhance the customer services to the clienteles. This report also envisages the process and implementation of change and its impact on the current structure while moving towards the service enhancement with the facilitation of marketing and change management tools, theories and framework. More emphasis would be on implementation of strategies for successful adaptation of newly introduced service. Introduction: Tesco is a well known Britains leading food retail group with an existence elsewhere in Europe, Asia and the United States. Tesco runs more than 2,300 supermarkets, hypermarkets, and convenience stores in the UK (where it is the market leader in food retail), Ireland, Central Europe, and Asia. Its operations include convenience and gasoline retailing (Tesco Express), small urban stores (Tesco Metro), hypermarkets (Tesco Extra), and financial services through Tesco Personal Finance. A global leader in online grocery sales, it owns a 35% stake in US grocery chain Safeways Grocery Works. It is the leading online grocery store and it is now expanding its business with a TV channel and a retail based education institution. The Tesco offers to its customers a wide range of food and non-food items under the single point of sale, non food items range includes clothing, furniture, Home electrical, personal care, computing, cameras and phones etc. Vision Values We talk about Every Little Helps a lot, but its not just a catchphrase or marketing slogan, it represents everything we stand for. For our people and our customers, its how we run our businesses from China to Chorley. (www.tesco.com) Literature Review My core books will be Essential Guide to Marketing Planning by Marian Burk Wood and Kevin Kellers Strategic Brand Management. Which has been the essential tool for helping me in devising the right approach for my dissertation? Furthermore, I will be using some of Change management books Making Sense of Change Management by Esther Cameron and Mike Green and John P Kotter s Leading Change Which can be useful in the analysis of change management process and tools for successful interventions. List of some of the resources that I will make use of it is as follows: HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATINAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ARTICLES OF EMRALD. WEBSITES CIPD, TIMES 100 AND PERSONNEL TODAY SWOT and PESTLE Analysis of Tesco A PEST analysis of the industry will examine the local, national and global influences of political, economic, social and technological factors to understand opportunities and threats well. INTERNAL STRENGTHS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diverse ranges of products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Open 24 hours a day à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Strong Cash Flow Position à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increase turnover and trading profits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Strong Balance Sheet à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leading Supermarket Chain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Brand Awareness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Human resources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Online Shopping à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Capabilities to turn resources into advantages OPPORTUNITIES à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Develop brand awareness globally à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New Markets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Market shift to globalization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Health awareness growth -GM crops à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Innovation Alliances à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Low cost brand growth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diversification à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Non-food offers untapped new markets with higher margins EXTERNAL WEAKNESSES à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Perception of low quality -(Tesco value brands) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lack of local knowledge of customers and culture à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Foreign brand THREATS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New existing competition à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Volatility in Price of raw materials à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economic recession à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Market shift to globalization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Takeover bids à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Far-East low cost brands à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Extremely high competition for customers and resources External Environment PESTLE Analysis All of those (political, economic, social, technical, legal and environmental) factors will to some extent apply to the retail industry in Sweden. POLITICAL Following the European Integration and Free Trade Agreements, the market has opened up for British Companies to invest in Eastern Europe. Tesco already has 60 Hypermarket store in Hungary. Lidl is uncompromisingly fighting to maintain its market share with an aggressive pricing strategy. ECONOMIC the Retail sector is fairly recession prawn and also very sensitive to changes in interest rates. Since the events of September 11th the world economies have suffered heavily, stocks plummeted and prices are at all time lows. The world economy is however, now on the up post September 11th. Consumers are optimistic and the retail industry is once again booming. SOCIAL changes in consumer taste and lifestyle represent both opportunities and threats for the industry. Opportunities in terms of new market and consumers, however, there are added threats in terms of alternative established Swedish national retailers (foreign company bias). TECHNICAL Changes in retailing methods as such clothes sales via the Internet is now a common place in retailing. Paperless operation, the management and administration of the company are undertaken on IT systems, which are accessed through secure servers; provide flexibility in the running of the business. As Sweden is at the forefront of technological advancement with national companies like Ericsson, Tesco would enjoy the comprehensive logistic and distribution channels already in place. LEGAL National legislation for health and safety both in terms of consumer rights and also in terms of production of own natural renewable resources for making clothes. ENVIRONMENTAL The renewable source of resources used in production, namely cotton and wool are environmentally friendly. The threats are in terms of legal consequences for livestocks in terms of health and safety. Critical Analysis: Todays world competition is very strong in every kind of businesses. Every organizations must provide excellent products or services in order to stay in competition, however their competitors also providing the same or comparable products or services. An important way to an organization to get an edge over its competitors is to identify the customer need and extra service to satisfy and delight their customers, which can retain them and also gain new customers and leads to ultimate profits. Therefore, the achievement of customer satisfaction must be a major objective in all organizations. To achieve customer satisfaction, an organization has to provide high quality products and also provide an excellent customer service. When the service and product that the company provided is good, they can obtain customer loyalty. The customers will go again and again. The above SWOT and PESTLE analysis shows that the TESCO is fully capable to introduce the Oyster card top ups counters at TESCO retail outlets to facilitate the customers and yield reasonable profit share from the market, where small retailers used to earn from the market. The cost of the entire project could be workout and oyster top up machine could be purchase in bulk at economic price from the suppliers. While introducing this new service certain structural changes would be under taken by the management and few strategies to adapt to successfully implementing the change process. This new service will engaged the attention of the huge existing customer base; nevertheless it will also attract the new customer who could be facilitated by this new service as an enormous people travels through rails, tubes and buses to their work places, schools, shopping malls, amusement centers from morning to evening. Until this report none of the competitor such as ASDA and Sainsbury has given this service to customer, so this service will give a competitive edge to TESCO on its leading competitors. Change Management: Everybody has a game plan until they get hit in the mouth. -Mike Tyson Change management is a structured approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations from a current state to a desired future state. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_management Change management frameworks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Lewin à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Bullock Battern à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢John P Kotter à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Beckhard Harris à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Nadler Tushman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢McKinsey à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢William Bridges à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Senge à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Stacy Shaw Approach Uses Lewis Good for analyzing change at the start Bullock Batten Good for simple isolated changes Kotter Great approach for large or small changes, does imply a linear approach Beckhard Harris Simple change formula (C=[ABC]>X) for analyzing change at any point in the process Nadler Tushman Good checklist for what should be covered in change McKinsey Seven S Encourages problem focus looks at change from interdependent subsystems. William Bridges Good at tackling inevitable change Carnall Another good checklist Senge Different approach, start small and grow. Dont plan everything up front as you cannot control change. StaceyShaw A new framework promoting the fact that there are no easy solutions. Not very prescriptive. Aims and Objectives of Change: Change management is not an end in itself. Nor does the organization really care about how cutting edge the solution happens to be. The Objective is to see the resultant benefits actually being delivered: As fast as possible Completely Across all the end users With an enthusiastic adoption by stakeholders and end users Delivering the targeted benefits back to the client who invested all the time and money In this regard, change management has a real contribution to make. Change Process/ Methodology: Following the above change model Tesco strategic management will firstly develop the project team for the initiation of the oyster card project. A team/ project leader will be selected depending upon he required skills and experience. A team leader will create a clear vision about the installation of oyster top up machines at TESCO retails outlets in UK. After creating a comprehensive vision he project team will develop a concrete Project Plan and utilized all the available resources of TESCO including human resource. Will take assistance from the current IT team to link the oyster top up machines through networking and execute the necessary IT support to the newly developed project. Furthermore, work force would be hired and trained for the project and finally a test run would be executed for successful launch. After a launch, an appropriate monitoring will be done to review the short comes of the project and continuous feed back will be taken from the stake holders i-e employees an d customers. In this scenario a desired state will be achieved and result could be seen in terms of revenue. Implementation of Strategies in Change Management process: For the successful implementation of Oyster cards top up machines at TESCO retail outlets, two following strategies would be used for the analysis of the existing driving forces and restraining forces and an analysis of stakeholders to identify the readiness of stakeholders for the change. Lewin (1947, 1951) Force Field Analysis Force field analysis (Lewin, 1951) is a diagnostic technique which has been applied to ways of looking at the variables involved in determining whether organisational change will occur. It is based on the concept of forces, a term which refers to the perceptions of people in the organisation about a particular factor and its influence. Driving forces are those forces affecting a situation and which are attempting to push it in particular direction. These forces tend to initiate change or keep it going. Restraining forces are forces acting to restrain or decrease the driving forces. A state of equilibrium is reached when the sum of the driving forces equals the restraining forces. Lewin formulated three fundamental assertions about force fields and change. Increasing the driving forces results in an increase in the resisting forces; the current equilibrium does not change but is maintained under increased tension. Reducing resisting forces is preferable because it allows movement towards the desired state, without increasing tension. Group norms are an important force in resisting and shaping organisational change. As far as TESCO is concern, its driving force is leading position and rapport in retail industry and availability of huge finances along with structured frame work of outlets. In additions technology advancement and skilled work force is also considerable driving force in TESCO, however, established work patterns, complacency and lower profit margin would be resistance occurring factors. But driving forces at TESCO are stronger as compared to restraining forces. Stakeholder Analysis and WIFM In their book Organisational Transitions: Managing Complex Change (1987) Beckhard and Harris describe and illustrate two techniques for analysing relevant sources of energy. They analyse respectively the sources and potency of forces for change, and the readiness and capability of individuals and groups to enact change. First, the nature of the change demanded must be specified, using tools and techniques associated with environmental and organisational analysis. Then all the forces for change, both inside the organisation and external to it, are listed along one axis of a grid. On the other axis the potency of the forces is indicated, as high, medium or low. Sources and Potency of Forces (Beckhard Harris, 1987) Early on in the change process, organization need to identify which specific groups and individuals will be required to support the change if the change is to be successful. When they have done so they can determine the readiness and capability of these individuals and groups to enact the roles required of them in the change process. Understanding the readiness involves analysing attitudes: willingness, motives and aims. Capability is determined by whether they have the power, the influence and the authority to allocate resources, and the appropriate information and skills. Beckhard and Harris (1987, p.63) have developed a Readiness-Capability Assessment Chart which enables the user to list individuals or groups who are critical to the change effort, and to rank them (high, medium, or low) each according to their readiness and capability with respect to change. The following chart will be used to develop an analysis related to stakeholders readiness to develop the change or adopt the new procedure. Readiness and Capability (Beckhard Harris, 1987) Stakeholders (Key Individuals or groups Readiness Capability Action required to increase the readiness or capability Need to rate as high, medium or low Where a change must be implemented from the outside, ie when it has not been defined as necessary by the people involved, then it is unlikely to succeed (yield the full results of which people have ambitions) unless some of those involved are in favour of it. Several observers (Rogers, 1983) have suggested however that not everyone needs to support a change, and that not everybody needs to support it to the same extent. Senge in The Fifth Discipline (1990) talks of the difference between commitment, enrolment compliance, Suggesting that while it is more pleasant (and reassuring) to have considerable commitment, it is not necessary for everyone to be as fully signed-up as this. There exist a number of positions along a continuum, along which players may position themselves in response to proposed action and change TESCO implementation Plan: Clearly communicate the vision of TESCO via effective communication tools. Manage employee and customer prospects Project manage and measure the process Be seen to add value to organizational goals Build on some quick wins or shorter rewards. Use the line managers/ first line managers as well Be realistic about personally and corporately Manage conflict Repeat key messages and communicate even when important to say Manage Resistance Remain visible and out of the bunker Keep eye on the ball and dont forget about customers and competitors Conclusion: After conducting a thorough research it has been finally in the recommended that TESCO should have introduced Oyster Card top up counter at its all retail outlets in UK to acquiesce the maximum market share on the consumers product, this would be a unique step in the gain retail industry and satisfy the customer numerous population travels through underground metros, tubes, buses, daily to commute their workplaces, universities, schools, amusement centers etc. While introducing the oyster top up card facility, certain change process should be adopted by TESCO to analyze the readiness of stakeholders in acceptance of the change. However, TECO driving forces are tend to be stronger than its restraining force, so the change could be easily absorb by the employees and other associates. TESCO has a well establish infra-structure that appropriately supports the change. By this strategic move, I am sure that TESCO will not only increase the revenue but also attain the customer loyalty in ad dition to the competitive edge over the competitors.

Geography of Trinidad :: Essays Papers

Geography of Trinidad Just seven miles of northeast of its mother land Venezuela, separated by the Gulf of Paria , Trinidad is one of only 1,864 square miles. It is an island surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. With a longitude (W) of between 60* 54' and 61*56', Trinidad has a latitude (N) of between 10* 3' and 10* 50'.With a tropical climate and rainy season that runs form June to December, unlike the other Caribbean Islands, Trinidad is not on the tropical storms and hurricane paths. Moreover the mountains of Trinidad are unlike those of the other Caribbean Islands. Trinidad has mountains that stretch southwards to the plain and along the gulf and down to the sea, the mountains lay along the whole northern boarder. Its mountains are not steep, cone shaped and rugged. From east to west the mountains of Trinidad run in three lines that are parallel but are separated by two large valleys. As De Verteuil wrote â€Å" Trinidad, being a comparatively newly-settled island, presen ts in many parts the appearance of a wild unreclaimed country. It is covered with dense and lofty forests, the heavy appearance of endless woodland being only broken here and there by vast savannahs, or by the effort of agricultural industry, - except, perhaps, at the Naparimas , where an extensive district is under uninterrupted cultivation.† As beautiful as the valleys are, the plantations have its own beauty, filled with cane-fields and cacao plants, giving it a violet-red hue when the leaves are young, and a range of colors from red, yellow, green, and dark crimson pod withy the older branches. Trees are also very colorful, some have flowers and some such as the Poui have a brilliant yellow color, The Roble has an orange color, and there are many other trees that have colors from white to pink and violaceouse. At the same time, because most of the population deals with plantation, as estimated in 1993, fifteen percent of the land is permanent crops and nine percent permane nt pastures, there are many environmental issues. Some of these current issues in Trinidad include â€Å"water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion†. Trinidad also has many valuable natural resources such as natural gas, asphalt, and petroleum.

Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment? -- Argumentative

Capital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims' families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassion of the whole community. Nothing will ever bring their loved ones back. Quite clearly, such violence is to be denounced vehemently.    Appropriate measures should be employed to safeguard our community and reduce the incidence of crime. The guilty should pay the penalty for their actions. At the same time, however, we as Christians also consider it our duty to question the suitability of retaining the death penalty within our penal system.    Today, in our nation more than 2,500 human beings await execution. As throughout history, so in our day, a disproportionate numbe...

Explain errors of omission and errors of commission. Essay

Explain errors of omission and errors of commission. Ans – == Errors of commission == An error of commission occurs when you record an incorrect value in posting. Such errors include original entry errors, transposition errors, calculation errors and reversal of entries. An original entry error occurs when an incorrect figure is recorded and posted. A prime instance of this is the ten-key error, where you accidentally hit the number above the correct key. For example, if you enter 7, instead of 4, you would get a difference of 3, 30 or 3,000,000 even. The transposition error occurs when you switch two digits in a number. For example, if you enter 71 as 17 or 428 as 824, you have committed a transposition error. Notice that the difference between the two numbers in a transposition error is always evenly divisible by nine. The result of 71 – 17 is 54 and 824 – 428 is 396. Calculation errors occur when you use incorrect totals. For instance, if you properly record transactions in a sales ledger but incorrectly total this and use the incorrect figure in the income statement, a calculation error has occurred. Reversal of entries occurs when the correct figures are used in the correct accounts, but they were entered on the wrong side of the respective accounts. For instance, if you record a sales transaction by debiting Sales and crediting Cash/Bank, you commit a reversal of entries error. == Errors of omission == Errors of omission can be one of the more difficult errors to detect, since they involve failing to record a transaction partially or completely. An error of omission may be hard to detect because it could lead to a balanced accounting equation. This type of error demonstrates why accountants and accounting students should double check their work properly to see if anything was omitted, instead of using a balanced Statement of Financial Position as validation. For example, if you fail to record depreciation in a period or record a devalued asset, such errors of omission would only be detected through careful scrutiny of all particulars. == Errors of principle == Apart from being accurate and careful to include all figures, accountants must also ensure that they are procedurally accurate as well. An error of  principle is one that is contrary to the fundamental principles, concepts and assumptions of accounting. For instance, if you record capital expenditure as revenue expenditure or treat withdrawals by the business owner as an expense, these go against the fundamental principles and held concepts in accounting. Such errors will skew the figures in the income statement and statement of financial position. == Conclusion == In accounting, it is important to avoid making errors of commission, errors of omission and errors of principle. While seeing a balanced statement of financial position can be satisfying, it does not indicate that no errors exist in the recording and summarizing of transactions. It is easy to make any one of the three categories of accounting errors at any given time, hence the requirement that accountants be meticulous and alert.

Alabama Immigration Law Essay

Policy Analysis I Paper CJA 463 Policy Analysis I Paper The new Alabama Immigration Law has set a new get tough standard for immigration law and policies. The law â€Å"[outlaws illegal immigrants from receiving any state or local public benefits, bars them from enrolling in or attending public colleges, and prohibits them from applying for or soliciting work]†. (Fausset,  para. 11) The Alabama Immigration Law also forbids the harboring and transport of illegal immigrants. The law also outlaws them from knowingly renting any type of facility or property and does not allow them to work any where in the sate. If a company has an illegal person on their payroll then it makes it an illegal practice to not hire a legal resident. A big issue that has come up in many debates is the fact that schools now have to verify the legality of students in their schools. It does not ban students from attending the school but it does require that the schools keep a report and send it in to the state board of education. Another issue is that the police department must detain any person that can no provide documentation of being a United States Citizen. The Governor of Alabama, Robert Bentley, initiated this bill into congress and it was passed. The bill takes effect on September 1st 2011. Opponents of the bill state that it is unconstitutional. Some of them even saying that it is going back to the pre civil rights era. People are afraid that students will be afraid to attend school in case they are found out to be illegal. If they are found to be illegal then their parents and family could be kicked out of their home, fired from their jobs and they could lose any benefits that they may have making it impossible for them to live. The fear is also that they will be harassed by other kids at the school making it hard for them to attend and learn. The constitutional issue that arises is the discrimination factor. Illegal immigrants are being discriminated against because of their background. It is against the constitution to do that. This has many people angry and looking to overturn the laws in Alabama because of this. This law is more of a regulatory policy because the government of Alabama passed the law to ban illegal immigrants from the state and the laws to enact this ban are going to be taken into effect. The policies and laws surrounding this new act will affect many people and organizations. The illegal immigrants are going to be affected but the police department will have to make a special unit to handle the illegal immigrants or the suspected illegal immigrants that are stopped and detained. This will cost the taxpayers more money and will cost the police department more money because they will have to build bigger facilities, hire more work force and ensure that everyone is multilingual that works on these task forces. Those that do not have the funds to build bigger holding facilities will have to incur the costs to transport the illegal immigrants to other facilities within the state to hold until another unit comes in and verifies their status. The schools will have to hire a whole team that counts and ensures legal status for all children in the school. This unit would need to be multilingual to help with the needs of the illegal immigrant children and to ensure they knew what to do with these statistics. The school system will incur many costs because the unit will have to research and prepare a report stating their findings to the state board of education in Alabama. The state as a whole will be affected because employers will be afraid to hire anyone that does not â€Å"look† American. The employers have to hire another set of employees just to handle the paperwork involved in the e-verify system and to ensure all of their employees are legally authorized to work in the United States. This will cost the employers more money and will leave them little to no room to give incentive raises or merit based raises because of the new jobs this will entail. When new jobs are added, more taxes and insurance is required causing some places to maybe even shut their doors.

Child developmend from birth to 19 year old Essay

1. Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years , to include: a) Physical development. b) Communication and intellectual development. c) Social, emotional and behavioural development. Answer: Physical development: At 0-3 years New born babies have little control over their bodies. Their movement depends on series of reflexes, as they get older they start to develop series of movements and actions called the ‘gross motor skills’ such as crawling, sitting, grabbing, pointing, running rolling, hopping, jumping, and so on. In their second year, children should have better ability to control their movement. In their third year, children would start to develop some ‘fine motor skills’ such as painting, colouring, and scribbling. They would enjoy looking at, and turning the pages of books. At this age they should be able to use a cup and feed themselves. At 3-7 years. At this stage, children will be refining the skills developed so far, they will have more confidence and more control over the fine motor skills such as cutting, writing and drawing. At 7-12 year. Children would start to have hobbies and interest such as sports, dance, drama, and songs. Children will continue to develop and refine many of their skills. The girls will start to show signs of early puberty from age 10-11. Puberty in boys usually start later. At 12-16 years. The boys will be starting to go through puberty and many of the girls would  be completing their puberty and having regular periods, as a result of the different stages of puberty, the boys and girls would vary in height. At this stage most girls are taller than boys and the young people will be growing stronger. At 16-19 years. Young people are considered as adult, although many girls may be physically matured at this stage, the boys will continue to grow until their mid 20s. Communication and intellectual development: Children’s communication and intellectual development depends to a large extent on their own experiences and the opportunities they are given from the earliest age. At 0-3 years Babies will start to be listening to languages around them and enjoy songs and games. Some children will start to speak at 12 months, although not clearly. By 1 and 2 years, children will start to put words together and their vocabulary will increase. Between age 2 and 3, Chhildren will start to used negative and plurals in their speech, although they will make errors in their grammar when speaking. At 3-7 years Children become more social and have wider experiences. They ask large amount of questions and will be able to talk about things in past and future tenses with greater confidence. They will start looking for adult approval and will be starting to learn how to read. At 7-12 years By now most children will be fluent in speaking a language, they would be able to transfer information and think in a more abstract way. At this stage, children will be developing and refining their skills at reading and writing. They will be more able to think and discuss ideas. At 12-16 years Young people will be selecting and taking GSCEs and A levels, they will usually now have a clear idea about their favourite subject .this is the stage young people want to feel like they belong. At 16-19 years Most young people are leaving school and are thinking of the career path to take and university choices. They will be able to focus on their area of strength and be able to develop it more. Social, emotional and behavioural development: At 0-3 years Children will be starting to find out about their own identities. They will form strong attachment to parents and careers. At this stage children have tantrums through frustration and will want to do things by themselves. At 3-7 years Children will start to play with peers and socialise using imaginative play. They will start to learn to understand the importance of boundaries and why they are necessary. They will still seek approval from adult. At 7 -12 years Children will be increasingly aware of what others may think of them. At this age children’s friendship becomes more settled and they have more friends. At 12-16 years At this age young people find themselves under the pressure of growing up and with increasing expectations from adults. Their self esteem can be very vulnerable. They will want to be independent of adult, therefore spend more time with their friends. They may look all grown up but at time they still display childish behaviour. At 16-19 years At this stage the young people have now in adulthood, they will still need  advice and guidance from more experience adult. They will lack experience and emotional maturity in the ways they interact with others. Question: 1.2 Describe with examples how different aspect of development can affect one another. Answer: Example 1: sports; this is considered a physical activity. It develops the child physically and it also affects other aspects of a child’s development. Physical development: a child that is active in sports refines their motor skills, will be strong, healthy, have an improved hand-eye coordination, normal growth and a toned body. Social, emotional and behavioural development: sports can improve a child’s relationship with other especially when it is a team sport. It builds confidence in the child. Child learns to share and take turns. Communication and intellectual development: sports can help to improve the intellect of a child. It is well known that physical exercise allows the body to pump blob to the brain thereby nourishing the brain. This improves sharpness/alertness of the mind and body. It promotes communication as child communicates among team members. It improves the child’s measurement of speed, time, quantity, how to tackle and overcome obstacles, therefore improving reasoning abilities. Over-all the child will be more confident with himself, other people and situations. Example 2: Disability: this refers to a condition which restricts a person’s mental, sensory, or mobility functions to perform a task. Physical development: some disability can cause stunted growth or make a child not to be able to participate in some physical activities. Social, emotional and behavioural development: Because of this disability in the child, he may not make many friends; this can cause the child to be emotionally withdrawn because some children make fun of his disability. This could create lack of confidence in the child. Communication and intellectual development: due to this lack of confidence in the child because of his disability, the child becomes shy and an introvert. Example 3: Illness: this refers to a child being sick. Physical development: a child that is sick or sickly would not develop well physically. The child would be unable to participate in physical activities. Social, emotional and behavioural: the child would not have many friends. The child may be withdrawn and shy. Communication and intellectual development: The child may grow to lack self confidence. Since he/she is always in and out of hospitals, his/her learning in school will suffer. Question: 2.1 describe with examples the kind of influences that affect children and young people’s development including: (a) Background (b) Health (c) Environment Answer: a) Background: the background of a child affects the child in many ways. For example, most children from broken or unstable family background with lack of parental guidance, can lack self confidence, may be withdrawn from their studies and have the tendency to pick up fights in school. On the other hand, children from stable family with both parents and parental guidance, would have confidence, is more likely to be attentive in class and emotionally stable. (b) Health: the health of a child can affect the child all aspect of development of the child. Example: a child that is suffering from some medical condition, will not be able to participate in sporting activities, therefore would not be physically strong like the others. This ill health can create lack of confidence in the child. The child is likely not to have many friends. The child may become shy and reserve. (c) Environment: people are usually the product of the environment they grew up in. Example: when a child lives in a poor and deprived environment, this Affects the child. Statistics show that children who are from deprived background are less likely to thrive and achieve well. Question: 2.2 Describe with examples the importance of recognising and responding to concern about children and young people’s development. Answer: Example 1: if I feel some concern about a child’s ability to read in a certain class, in the case of primary pupils, I refer to the class teacher and also the SENCO so that they can be aware of the situation. The class teacher then can inform the school and after the parents of the pupil so that some extra help can be given to the child at home. It is important to recognise and respond to concern about child development early so that children don’t struggle through out school and later drop out. Example 2: in the case of a young person being destructive or showing inappropriate behaviour in secondary school, I refer to the SENCO (special education needs coordinator) and also give date and example for the reasons for my concerns. This is important for the young person’s proper development and also that the other young people in the school would not be influenced by this inappropriate behaviour. Question: 3.1 Identify the transition experienced by most children and young people. Answer: Transition is any significant stage or experience in life of a child or young person that can affect behaviour and/or development. 1) Child being promoted to a higher class in primary school. 2) Year 6 pupil in primary school moving on to year 7 in secondary school. 3) Young people getting into college or university after their secondary school. Question: 3.2 identify transition that only some children and young people may experience. Answer: 1) Parental separation: This is when parents become divorced or separated. One parent moves out of the family. This can destabilize children and affect their learning and development in school. 2) New sibling: when a new child is born into the family, all attention shifts to take care of the new baby and the other children may feel abandoned. 3) Bereavement: the death of a close family member can be very traumatic for a child; school should have some procedures in place to help a child deal with it. 4) Moving house: Moving can be unsettling for children, especially if they move from a distance away and had to change school and friends. Procedures should be in place to help the child settle well in school. 5) Parental change of partner: This can affect the child greatly, depending on the amount of contact they have with the absent parent and the way they relate to the new partner. 6) Change of carer: Pupil who is in care or who had a number of different homes may find it difficult to cope with change of carer. 7) Illness or injury: Pupils may be affected by ill health or injury and would have to come to terms with the change in circumstances, whether these are their own or of loved ones. Question: 3.3 Describe with examples how transition may affect children and young people’s behaviour and development. Answer: 1) Children going through the transition of illness /injury may become quiet and withdrawn due to their illness. 2) Children who just got a new sibling in the family may become attention seeking and start to demonstrate uncharacteristic behaviour so as to gain the attention of his/her parents. 3) Children who just moved to a new location may become anxious about the new school and environment, wondering if they would be able to cope with the change in circumstance. REFERENCES 1. Understanding child development by Lindon Jennie 2. Supporting teaching and learning in schools- By Louise Burnham and Brenda Baker. Describe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young People’s Development from Birth to 19 Years 7.8 of 10 on the basis of 2786 Review.

Knowing Your Audience Paper Essay

Most people would never want to imagine themselves or a family member being trapped under ground for even one day but the victims of those who were trapped under the Chilean copper mine had to consider not one day but even two months. According to The New York Times Company(2014), â€Å"On Aug. 5, 2010, a gold and copper mine near the northern city of Copiapà ³, Chile caved in, trapping 33 miners in a chamber about 2,300 feet below the surface†. At this time no one knew the well being or the nature of the situation that happened at the copper mine. During this time communication between employers, families’ members’ involved, trapped miners and those set in place to find a solution to this problem was very vital. Some things to keep in mind when considering roles and audiences is to determine what information to give and how it should be expressed or conveyed to the audience. For example, if you’re giving direct and urgent information, you wouldn’t send this type of information over an email, it would be more appropriate to say it face to face. It is important to consider how much does the audience know about the topic or subject you are sharing at that time. In the situation with the trapped miners the potential needs that should be considered and expressed to the families of the trapped miners would be first addressing what happened. This information should be given directly, face to face, to all family members involved. It is important to give the family as much detail about the incident as possible but not so much that it makes them alarmed and upset. Also another thing to add is the condition or well being of the trapped miners. If the information isn’t available its best to let them know although there isn’t much information at this time, but as soon as the information is available, they will be first to know. Also the last need that the family members affected by this incident would need is to understand and know what the employers and team of experts are doing to find a solution to the problem and how often can they know the extent and whereabouts of the situation. At this point after meeting the potential needs of the families involved, it’s also important to understand and know the potential needs of the company’s employees. Although they may not be the family members or those who are actually trapped at that moment, they also play a vital role. Some potential needs for the company’s employees would be to communicate effectively. Although the situation itself must have been very tragic if there was effective communication, there would be no way for  the employees at that time to help save those trapped. Also another need that needs to be met would be extra training and understanding of what took place, where it went wrong, and how to fix the problem. Without the employees having a plan or strategy of how they could effectively resolve or help the situation it could cause retaliation or resentment. After the message about the incident, and the actions or plan that is put in place has been verified and delivered to all important parties and involved it’s important that all those involved are able to convey what they heard and understood before and after the message is given. To make sure the message was received as properly and effectively you have to consider each audience which would be the trapped miners, employees and families. The message given to each party cannot be given the same. Also the channel has to be considered, again in this situation you wouldn’t send this information through an email or memo, this information that has to be conveyed face to face. It is also good to give information based on the listener’s level of understanding and to talk with the parties that involve a way opening up the way for cooperation and in this situation it would be much needed. An effective communication as the mining company to the family members of the trapped miners would be face to face. During this time the mining company would say with sincerity and clarity that â€Å" At this time we are deeply sorry to announce that we have understood and learned that on Aug. 5, 2010, a gold and copper mine near the northern city of Copiapà ³, caved in, trapping 33 miners in a chamber about 2,300 feet below the ground. At this time we aren’t certain what exactly caused the cave in and we aren’t certain the condition of the miners at this time. We will be working around the clock to get more information about the well being of the trapped miners. Also at this moment there will be specialist and experts going to the scene to analyze and inspect the situation at hand. After further observation of the experts then will we know what plan will be put in place to rescue our fellow employees. As soon as we are made aware of the plan we will let you know. We hope that we can all work together effectively which much understanding and cooperation from us and you so that we can bring your family members back to you.† Also an effective communication between the mining company and the employees would be a face to face channel. At that time the company would express, â€Å"I’m sad to announce to you that our fellow  employees have been caved in a chamber about 2,300 feet below the ground in the northern city of Copiapà ³. There are 33 at this time trapped and waiting to be rescued. We aren’t sure of the condition of the each employee but we all hope that we can all come together to help the best way we can to make sure that those who are trapped are in good condition. Although we never plan for anything like this to take place but unfortunately we have to use the way we were trained to assess the situation. At this time along with yourself the family members of the trapped miners are already being informed. Please let’s not alarm the families with information that has not been given or confirmed. Our main mission is to stay calm, offer up many prayers and work together in unity. During this time we will be working around the clock to help as much as we can and the company will provide meals, clean working clothes and a place to sleep. However you think you can help or what will better the situation please send your requests or opinions to us directly. Thank you so much for your cooperati on in help.†

Michael Phelps

Michael Phelps was born in 6.30,1985 in Baltimore of the US. Unfortunatly, he got a very terrible and unhappy time in his childhood. His parents always quarreled and quarreled. Little Michael felt so sad,so he put himself into the swimming pool. It seemed to be the only way for him to keep happy. When he was 15 ,Michael competed at the Sydeny Olympics. But the reault seemed a little disappointed. He didn't win a medal. But he never gave up. After that,he swam every day,no Christmas,no New Year,even no brithdays. A famous saying goes†Where there is a will,there is a way. After 4 years training,he did a nice job in the Athens Olyimpics. He got 8 medals. And 6 of them are gold medals. Now he is one of the greatest swimmers in the world. I still remembered what he said after the Athens Olyimpics. He said â€Å"I don't want to be Mark Spitz No. 2 ,I just want to be Michael Phelps No. 1. â€Å"Now he realized his dream. He won 8 gold medals in the Beijing Olyimpics. He broke the wo rld records,he made the history. Of course he made him famous to the whole world.Stephen Hawking has ever said†Life is not fair,so you have to do the best in your own situation. â€Å"Michael sets a very good example to us. Or the dream factory has always been the high standard, the screen exquisite detail, vivid characters vivid, touching story twists and turns, the most important thing is it in the most simple and easy to understand that the way of a token, that is – there is no shortcut to the world and Cheats, the only winning Famen is believe in themselves.This film was absolutely amazing. I have spent hours re-watching various scenes and noticing all the perfection with which they are acted and directed. It's not the violence or action sequences that make this movie so great (although they are well done†¦ ), but rather moments like where Mathilda knocks on Leon's door. It would be so easy to just film the door opening, but instead we see light illuminating N atalie Portman's face, symbolizing something angelic. And the moment has so much more meaning. Michael Phelps Michael Phelps was born in 6.30,1985 in Baltimore of the US. Unfortunatly, he got a very terrible and unhappy time in his childhood. His parents always quarreled and quarreled. Little Michael felt so sad,so he put himself into the swimming pool. It seemed to be the only way for him to keep happy. When he was 15 ,Michael competed at the Sydeny Olympics. But the reault seemed a little disappointed. He didn't win a medal. But he never gave up. After that,he swam every day,no Christmas,no New Year,even no brithdays. A famous saying goes†Where there is a will,there is a way. After 4 years training,he did a nice job in the Athens Olyimpics. He got 8 medals. And 6 of them are gold medals. Now he is one of the greatest swimmers in the world. I still remembered what he said after the Athens Olyimpics. He said â€Å"I don't want to be Mark Spitz No. 2 ,I just want to be Michael Phelps No. 1. â€Å"Now he realized his dream. He won 8 gold medals in the Beijing Olyimpics. He broke the wo rld records,he made the history. Of course he made him famous to the whole world.Stephen Hawking has ever said†Life is not fair,so you have to do the best in your own situation. â€Å"Michael sets a very good example to us. Or the dream factory has always been the high standard, the screen exquisite detail, vivid characters vivid, touching story twists and turns, the most important thing is it in the most simple and easy to understand that the way of a token, that is – there is no shortcut to the world and Cheats, the only winning Famen is believe in themselves.This film was absolutely amazing. I have spent hours re-watching various scenes and noticing all the perfection with which they are acted and directed. It's not the violence or action sequences that make this movie so great (although they are well done†¦ ), but rather moments like where Mathilda knocks on Leon's door. It would be so easy to just film the door opening, but instead we see light illuminating N atalie Portman's face, symbolizing something angelic. And the moment has so much more meaning.

3 Activity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 Activity - Assignment Example tists, research performed by doctors to alleviate suffering and pain not forgetting the sacrifices made by people everywhere to make human life better. Secondly, Craig believes that if truly God is inexistent, then people have to lead a hopeless life since there is no hope of liberation from the failures of our predetermined existence (Chaffee, 2013). A good example of such a scenario is a lack of hope of redemption from evil befalling us on earth. Moreover, in case God never exists, then people should lose hope on being redeemed from diseases, aging, and even death. Atheism, therefore, constitutes a philosophy lacking hope. Finally, Craig asserts that if truly God exists, then a person comes to understand God personally in addition to His love. Such a belief makes a life changing difference in the believer. In the reasons above, Craig admits that they do not ascertain the existence of God but shows a huge difference whether God is in existence. Therefore, he advances various reasons to prove that God exists. First, Craig asserts that the existence of God creates a sense of the foundation of the universe. The question about the origin of the universe has been controversial (Chaffee, 2013). According to atheist, universe is eternal. Thus, the reasoning of the atheist is unreasonable since if truly the universe lacked a beginning, therefore, past events within the history of the universe are infinite. The infinite is not a reality since it never exists in nature and offers a legitimate reason for rational thought. However, past events are never ideas but are real, and this confirms that the past events are finite. Therefore, the cycles of past events cannot go back forever and therefore the universe at one time began to exist. The discoveries in the fields of astrophysics, science, and astronomy prove that the universe began to exist approximately 13 billion years ago through the Big Bang theory (Chaffee, 2013). The theory makes atheist believe that the universe

Which Had A Greater Impact On Civil Rights, The Introduction Of Jackie Essay

Which Had A Greater Impact On Civil Rights, The Introduction Of Jackie Robinson Into The Baseball League Or Brown Vs. Board Of Education Decision - Essay Example One particular event that happened in the late 1940s to change the attitudes towards the equality status of African Americans was the introduction of Jackie Robinson into the baseball league. The attitudes towards Jackie Robinson were mixed and not all baseball fans, the baseball hierarchy and America were enthralled that a black man was found to be a better player of the national sport than many white red-blooded Americans. The result to Jackie Robinson of these views were in many ways devastating because he was subjected to racist comments and attacks over his color. Jackie Robinson when asked to play for a Canadian sister team in Montreal was overjoyed and taken aback by the welcoming views of the people and the city.1 He was recognized because of his color, but his talent as one of America's most talented baseball players. This helped Jackie Brown in his return to America in persevering as a baseball player, regardless of his heritage and color.

Book Review The Damage Done ; Twelve years of Hell in a Bankok Prison Essay

Book Review The Damage Done ; Twelve years of Hell in a Bankok Prison . by Warren Fellows - Essay Example Warren Fellows should be counted among the die-hard criminals. According to his own admission he had done several rounds of illegal activities against the prevalent law in Thailand with full knowledge that he was violating the law of the land. Is prison the place to cause systematic suppression to the spirit of prisoners by the guardians of prison-laws whatever be the gravity of crime committed by them? Warren may have many ideas about care and reformation of the prisoners but does he deserve any one of them? Much ado is made about the violation of human rights by the prisoners even in proven cases of guilt and conviction by the courts. Mind you, it is the prisoners who violate the human rights first and punishment is only the consequential action. This reference is applicable to hardened criminals like Warren, the vicious drug-traffickers, who play with then lives of mostly, the younger generation. In the process, they destroy the life of the youngster, his family is doomed, and his parents are devastated. Let us come to the question, whether Warren deserved sympathy at all, in the later part of the essay. But his odd and strange posture that the drugs smuggled by him did not cause any misery at all deserves ridiculous condemnation. By inducing an individual into the habit of drugs, you are killing him every moment. Here is an example, of the course chartered by an individual, once he becomes a drug-addict. â€Å"Years of intense suffering rolled by. I was the sufferer, and mostly, I w as the source of all suffering to all concerned. I was a total mental wreck! I had sold everything that was mine at the altar of smack-- plot of land in my name, sewing machine, utensils, and other accessories, etc. †¦I had to buy my doses of smack anyhow!...I thought I would die. In fact, I wished to die†¦I had put the two concerned families-to respectable families-to shame!† (Mallya, 2006,

Week11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week11 - Essay Example The government has to develop constituents within its establishments that have been in charge of state-owned companies. These branches eventually outlive their usefulness thus a disadvantage to the government because then it would have to do away with them. This means many people will lose their jobs thus blame the government for its shortsightedness (The Economist Debate). The limitation to state capitalism is that it can only be productive in certain industries as chosen by the government while the rest remain out. However, this depends on the degree of management as well as the level of interference by the state in the operational matters of the industries involved. All in all, the success or failure of state capitalism depends on the state and countries should know their status before indulging themselves or else the economy would be disastrous. In this case, the private sector would suffer a lot as its fundamental liberties would undergo regression. A country such as China is undergoing fast, economic growth thanks to state capitalism. However, its exposure to fluctuations in the purchasing power of other economies makes it unstable and

Enterprise Resource Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterprise Resource Planning - Research Paper Example There are some intangible Services associated with Hadeed products such as Out-sourcing, Transportation and Storage of goods, Logistic, etc. SABIC incorporated Shared Services Organization in 2003, to develop complementary services like Centralized Purchasing, Inventory Management, Supply Chain Management, among SABIC and its affiliates like HADEED to assist attain its strategic objectives from side to side augmented competence. It optimizes their Inventory by utilization of inventory management tools viz., MRP Planning, Inventory Optimization through ABC Analysis and Supply-Chain Management. On the contrary, SSWCC starts their operations from one-on-one i.e., consumers requests and keep in touch with customer and supply them best networking, newest technology, modified services and support for their services. SSWCC operates the customer services following doing the sales. The main dissimilarity among Manufacturing and Service provider can be well recognized by comparing the subseque nt Nature and Consumption of Output, consistency of Input and Output, Measurement of output and Labour Requirement (Lincoln, J.; Hanada, M.; 2001, 93-115). In this research with the literature review about the areas of this study for ERP systems. Next, in sections the study continues with the Research Methodology. Finally, in last section the author suggests his own personal viewsto be made in the area of research. 1. Introduction Enterprise resource planning: (noun); An accounting-oriented information system for recognize and preparation the enterprise-wide resources wanted to take, make, ship, and account for client orders. To asses the assignments we have select two large good reputed organizations from Secondary Sector & Tertiary Sector of Industry within Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. From public sector i.e. Manufacturing, the foremost company being HADEED (A SABIC Affiliate) which offer touchable product i.e. Goods & Commodities Steel Products and extra from Tertiary Sector i.e. Service, is Saudi Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SSWCC), which pleased its customers by offer high standard of insubstantial product i.e. Services Water Convention Network. Saudi developmental policies and plans are draw round in a five-year national plan that directs public investments. The eighth five-year growth plan (2005-2009) speak to lots of the challenges declare above. It has, for the first time, a long-term strategic viewpoint on growth based on the Future dream of the Saudi financial system towards 2025. It underscores a national promise to the people by: (a) put together all the MDGs and seeking to endorse the role of women and the childhood in national growth procedure; (b) supporting Government sector asset as the driver of future enlargement and promoting further diversification away from heavy dependence on usual resources, chiefly oil and natural gas, avoiding unenthusiastic impacts on the environment, chiefly water resources; and (c)

Public Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public Administration - Essay Example Other contract based facilities housed a total of 12,558 inmates according to the latest statistics (BOP, 2012). A majority of the offenders are confined in correctional facilities and detention centers run by the Bureau while the rest are confined in local and private correctional facilities in accordance with the agreements entered into by these institutions with the BOP. The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) aims to safeguard the interests of the society by confining offenders in controlled environments of prisons and other correctional facilities which are safe, cost-effective and secure and which offer the inmates an opportunity to strive for self-improvement and become law-abiding citizens post their term. However, the prison system in the U.S. despite its noble mission is plagued with several setbacks such as overcrowding, racial and ethnic disparities, persistence of unhealthy living environment of the inmates, issues related to health and inmate care, insufficient staffing, et c among others (Department of Justice, 2012). Key Policy Issues: The American Prison system has persistently faced the problem of overcrowding resulting in a rapid deterioration of conditions of confinement for the prisoners, rise in staffing issues, and a significant negative impact on the state budget. According to Sidlow and Henschen (2008) one of the key causes responsible for overcrowding in American prisons is the war on drugs and the legislations following the same. In a desperate move by the government to curb illegal substance abuse laws regarding incarceration of the offenders were strengthened, which ultimately resulted in a rapid rise in number of inmates arrested for the said offence. The rise in number of inmates in turn lead to a subsequent rise in budget spending required for construction and maintenance of correctional facilities as well as staffing. According to latest statistics America holds the record for housing the world’s largest number of inmates and the highest per capita rate of incarceration (The Economist, 2012). The excessive incarceration rates in the country triggered a humanitarian crisis due to ever increasing prisoners and shortage of space. Another persistent problem faced by the prison system is the racial and ethnic disparity in incarceration. The wide racial divide is far more apparent in the American justice system with African Americans having the largest incarceration rates and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders as the lowest (Hartney & Vuong, 2009; Mauer, 2009). Comprehensive Review: For the purpose of this study three articles are reviewed which are discussed below: 1. Dead or Alive? The Federalism Revolution and Its Meaning for Public Administration by Robert K. Christensen, Charles R. Wise Prisons in the United States operate under laws framed by the respective states and the offenders are punished and incarcerated in accordance with the laws applicable under their jurisprudence. However, a clash between state and federal laws, may significantly influence the decision making by the public managers and affect the system of public administration in general. The authors have cited the historical 2005 Raich decision whereby the court held that "federal controlled Substances Act did not exceed the Congress's power to prohibit the use of medicinal marijuana, which was otherwise legal under the California law" (Christensen & Wise,

Political science - The Elites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political science - The Elites - Essay Example In such cases, the laws do not address the needs of the public, which usually leads to conflicts. This is clearly demonstrated by the numerous protests by various groups of people concerning their oppression. A good example is the American constitution, which was founded on the interests of the elites. As a result, it was not pleasant to the majority of the population, which brought forth the necessity for quick intervention by the elites. The intervention used in this case was the passage of the civil rights act of 1964, which was very good in reducing the oppression and discrimination of the minority and oppressed groups of people but also had hidden ideas (Hasday 96). In this case, the elites used it as a base for winning support from the public thus stabilizing their base of control and influence. Through the influence, the elites usually affect the public’s point of view. In the initial stages after airing their views, the public usually falls for their view. This does not last for long as they later realizes that they were taken advantage of by the elites. Since the elites usually have access to the resources, they usually use them to win their support (Chase, D and Chase, A 20). A good example is in the case of feminist movement as outlined by Ryan. In this case, despite the women forming a larger part of the population, they were observed to be less privileged. Having got a clear understanding of this, the elites used the power and resources available to them and put into place laws that empowered them. This is evident in the grievances of the women who were among the founders of women’s movement, which was formed in 1848. Through their hard work and dedication, the group expanded and had good coverage in various areas. Despite this, they did not get nationa l support, which raises questions to the reason behind the lack of support. Through the protest raised against